By Moira Clune
Machu Picchu, one of Peru's most important historic sites, is a major tourist destination. Located in the Andes Mountains, this ancient Incan city is believed to have been constructed in approximately 1450 and occupied for less than one hundred years.
Habitation
Researchers believe that most of Machu Picchu's inhabitants were likely killed by a smallpox epidemic. This is often blamed on the Spanish conquistadors, but there is little evidence that they ever entered the city.
Re-Discovery
Hiram Bingham, an archaeologist from Yale University, re-discovered the site in 1911. Bingham later went on the become the governor of Connecticut as well as an U.S. senator.
Construction
There are over 150 buildings on the site, and they were built without mortar. Precisely fitted, these structures have withstood centuries of earthquakes.
Population
Archaeologists estimate that between 500 and 2,000 people lived in Machu Picchu. It appears to have been completely self-sustaining, with terraced gardens, fresh water, temples, baths and many homes.
Purpose
The purpose of Machu Picchu is often debated, but its use as an astronomical observatory is clear. The Intihuatana stone, located in the Temple of the Sun, precisely indicates both the spring and fall equinoxes.
Myths and Legends
Legend states that if you touch your forehead to the Intihuatana stone, you will have visions. Other myths suggest that the fifty-ton stones could not have been lifted and placed so accurately without the help of aliens.
Resources
About the Author:
Moira Clune is a freelance writer who since 1991 has been writing sales and promotional materials for her own and other small businesses. In addition, she has published articles on VetInfo and various other websites. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from Hartwick College.
