How to Travel in Africa

Study your government's recommended immunization sheet and get vaccinated weeks before your trip. In most African nations, vaccinations are required prior to entry. For diseases like malaria, which does not have an available vaccine, obtain a medication prescription from your doctor.

Be alert to your surroundings if you're a woman traveling alone. In Eastern Africa, it's considered rude for a woman to sit alone. In Northern Africa, it's disrespectful for a woman to wear tight clothing. Expect to attract the unwelcome stares of young men on your journey no matter which part of the continent you visit. Stay in well-lit, reputable hotels with private bathrooms. Avoid wearing any provocative clothing and being overly friendly with men. Keep your friends and family aware of your daily activities.

Map the route between the embassy and your hotel prior to traveling. In the rare case of political unrest, natural disaster or even losing your passport, you will need to seek shelter and guidance from your country's embassy.

Make two photocopies of your passport, visa and other important information. Leave one copy of these documents at home with a trusted friend or family member and leave one in your luggage, separate from your actual passport. This copy will come in handy if you ever need to replace your information at the embassy.

Don't drink the water. Carry bottled water with you everywhere. Even though some locations may have safe drinking water, in many African countries, the water is not sanitized. This even prohibits you from using tap water to brush your teeth. Be sure to ask the hotel staff about water safety levels. In villages or rural areas, use bottled water. Because tap water is not safe in many areas, don't expect ice in your beverages.

Be aware of each country's customs and traditions. If a local offers you tea, it is impolite to decline. Bargaining at the marketplace is acceptable. Be prepared for a limp handshake that's customary among Africans. Try to learn a few words in the national language. Although Africans speak fluent English, learning a few words in Swahili, Arabic or French can help ingratiate you.

Convert your money to local currency or use traveler's checks. If you know exactly which countries you will visit in Africa, convert at an exchange bank in your home country. Avoid exchanging money at the airport, which imposes high transaction fees.

Pack clothing that will wear well in your destination's climate. African weather varies depending on which side of the equator you are visiting. Because the continent is home to deserts, jungles, beaches, savanna and snow-capped mountains, your specific destination will dictate your clothing. Pack clothes that can be layered, and prepare for typically warmer days and cooler nights throughout the continent. Women should wear loose-fitting clothing that does not reveal too much skin.